Lectio: Journal of Language and Language Teaching
Lectio: Journal of Language and Language Teaching is a Journal published by English Education Study Program of Widya Mandira Catholic University.The journal becomes a medium of scientific sharing among scholars who are interested in the field of Linguistics and English (and other) Language Teaching. We aim to provide a forum for educators, researchers, teacher educators, classroom teachers who are keen on issues that affect classroom teaching. This journal accepts scholarly articles from various fields related to language and language teaching, including: developing students’ English skills, English as foreign language, curriculum development, language testing and assessment, materials and course design, learning preferences/ styles, classroom management, content-based instruction, technology-enhanced instruction, second language acquisition, pragmatics, English for specific or academic purposes, sociolinguistics, language policy, world Englishes, identity (learner or teacher), reflective teaching practice, professional development, English language teaching, cross-cultural and intercultural communication issues, and Language Documentation and Description. The research base could be either a primary research, or a secondary research. Reviewing Process: After manuscripts are submitted online, the managing editor conducts initial screening process by removing author's original names and assigning the manuscript to copy right editors for plagiarism and grammar checks. The manuscript is returned back to section editor and will be passed layout editors for template check. The manuscript that has passed the screening process will be sent to reviewers for review. The manuscript will be collected after the review process and will be sent to editorial-in chief and editorial board member for recomendattion and final production. Journal title LECTIO: Journal of Language and Language Teaching Subjects Linguistics and English (and other) Language Teaching Language English (preferred) ISSN ISSN: 2775-507X (Online) Frequency Twice a year in March and September DOI https://doi.org/10.30822 OAI https://journal.unwira.ac.id/index.php/LECTIO/OAI Editor-in-chief Dr. Madar Aleksius Publisher English Education Study Program of Widya Mandira Catholic University Citation Google Scholar LECTIO: Journal of Language and Language Teaching is indexed by: Recommended Tools:
English Education Study Program of Widya Mandira Catholic University
COGNITIVE LOAD AND COMPENSATION STRATEGIES OF BIPA LEVEL 1 LEARNERS IN TEXT BASED WRITING
This study examines the cognitive load and compensation strategies used by BIPA Level 1 learners in producing text-based writing, focusing on how cognitive constraints shape phonological, lexical, phrasal, and syntactic errors. The purpose of this research is to analyze the intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive loads reflected in students’ written errors and to identify the compensation strategies employed to overcome linguistic limitations. This research analyzed based on cognitive load theory (Sweller, 1994) and compensation strategies (Tarone, 1983 ) and adopts a qualitative descriptive method involving nine BIPA Level 1 learners from Japan, Sweden, and Armenia. The data consist of descriptive texts (“Myself”) and procedural texts (“How to Make Favorite Foods”), collected through documentation and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014), which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that the highest cognitive load appears at the phoneme–orthography level, where learners struggle to map Indonesian phonological input into correct graphemic output, resulting in frequent phoneme substitutions, omissions, or distortions. Lexical and syntactic errors further confirm intrinsic load arising from complex forms, unfamiliar structures, and L1 interference. Extraneous load emerges from task complexity, incomplete understanding of Indonesian conventions, and performance pressure during writing. Meanwhile, germane load is visible in productive errors where learners attempt to build new linguistic schemas, such as approximating unfamiliar phonological forms or constructing new noun phrases. Three dominant compensation strategies were identified: approximation, literal translation, and word coinage, indicating learners’ efforts to maintain communicative flow despite limited proficiency.
BIPA learners; cognitive load; compensation strategies; psycholinguistic; writing errors
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Ni Kadek Devi Rahayu Padmayanti
FRIENDSHIP IN 3 IDIOTS REVIEWED FROM A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
This study examines the representation of friendship in the film 3 Idiots from a psycholinguistic perspective through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Friendship is a fundamental aspect of human social interaction, and language plays a crucial role in shaping cognitive, emotional, and social relationships. Despite the popularity of 3 Idiots as an object of interdisciplinary analysis, studies that specifically explore friendship in the film using a psycholinguistic framework remain limited. This research aims to synthesize existing literature to identify how language use in friendship interactions reflects psycholinguistic processes such as cognition, emotion regulation, and social bonding. The study employed a qualitative SLR approach by systematically searching academic databases, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, and analyzing selected studies thematically. The findings reveal three dominant themes in the psycholinguistic representation of friendship: cognitive processes in language interaction, emotional expression and affective support, and the social function of language in constructing solidarity and group identity. The dialogues in 3 Idiots demonstrate how language mediates thought, regulates emotions, and reinforces interpersonal bonds among the characters. The results also indicate a significant research gap in integrating psycholinguistic theories with film analysis, particularly in the context of friendship. This study contributes theoretically by extending psycholinguistic inquiry to audiovisual media and relational contexts. Methodologically, it highlights the value of SLR in synthesizing fragmented research across disciplines. Overall, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of how friendship is linguistically and psychologically constructed in film, offering insights for future psycholinguistic and media-based studies.
Psycholinguistics; Friendship, 3 Idiots; Film Analysis; Systematic Literature Review
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Muhammad Distian Andi Hermawan
POLITENESS STRATEGIES AS SEEN BY SOLÈNE IN “THE IDEA OF YOU” MOVIE
Politeness plays an important role in communication as it helps speakers maintain harmonious social relationships. This phenomenon is also reflected in movies through the language choices of characters. This study investigates the types of politeness strategies used by Solène in The Idea of You movie and explains the factors influencing her choice of strategies. A qualitative research method was employed in this study. The data were obtained from Solène’s utterances taken from selected scenes of the movie through subtitle observation. The collected data were analyzed by classifying the utterances based on politeness strategy types and identifying the factors that influenced their use. The findings reveal that Solène used all four types of politeness strategies, namely bald-on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record strategies. Among these, positive politeness was the most frequently used strategy. In addition, two factors were found to influence Solène’s use of politeness strategies, namely the payoffs of politeness strategies and sociological variables. The results indicate that sociological variables were the most dominant factor affecting her choice of politeness strategies.
A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS IN ARDHITO PRAMONO’S “ROADTRIP” SONGS
This research aims to identify the various forms of deixis present in the “Roadtrip” album by Ardhito Pramono and uncover their intended meanings in relation to the overall interpretation of the lyrics. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study focuses on analysing the lyrics of 10 songs from the album as its primary data. The collected data were categorized into three different types of deixis based on Levinson's (1983) framework. After classification, the occurrences of deixis were analysed to connect them with their references or contextual meanings within the lyrics. The findings reveal 401 occurrences of person deixis, 52 occurrences of temporal deixis, and 40 occurrences of place deixis. These linguistic elements significantly influence the interpretation of the lyrics by providing clarity and avoiding miscommunication, thereby enriching the listener's understanding of the songs' narratives and emotions
Deixis; Pragmatics; Song Lyrics; Ardhito Pramono
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Dwi Sekar Sari Kencana
ROLE OF LANGUAGE AS A SOCIAL AND CULTURAL INSTITUTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
This paper addresses role of language as a social and cultural institution on the basis of literature review or documentary study. Language is defined as a social institution on the basis of premise that there is a close relationship between language and society and the relationship is symbiotic-reciprocal as language exists in society and society exists in language. The relationship is reflected in the features of language used by a society as members of a social group in social contexts in which the meanings stored in the forms of language used comprise an organized system of norms and structures to regulate social life and to maintain solidity, solidarity, stability, and continuity. Language is defined as a cultural institution as there is a close relationship between language and culture belonging to a society as members of a social group. The relationship is symbiotic-reciprocal as language exists in culture and culture exists in language. The role of language as a cultural institution has wider scope because language used by a society as members of a social group serves as a potential resource to uncover various cultural aspects along with its function as an element, index, and symbol of culture.
meaningfulness ; language; social institution; cultural institution
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Lectio: Journal of Language and Language Teaching
COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS APPROACH AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR LANGUAGE TEACHING
The importance of understanding the relationship between language and cognition in language teaching has become a significant challenge, particularly in developing a more relevant and effective approach for students. This study aims to analyze the application of cognitive linguistics in language learning. The approach used is qualitative with a literature review method to explore cognitive linguistic theories and their application in language teaching. The main data sources come from academic articles, books, and scientific journals published in leading international databases. Through a systematic literature review, this study identifies how cognitive linguistic theories, such as cognitive grammar, conceptual metaphors, and mental schemas, are applied in the language teaching process. The findings show that cognitive linguistics can enrich language teaching by linking language concepts with cognitive processes and students' real-world experiences. Additionally, this study reveals the challenges in integrating cognitive linguistics theories into existing language education curriculum. The drawn conclusion indicates that the application of cognitive linguistics can enhance students' language comprehension and skills, although its implementation requires deeper adjustments in teaching practices.
Cognitive linguistics; language learning; cognitive grammar; conceptual metaphors; language education
AUDIOVISUAL PRAGMATICS: TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN NETFLIX MOVIE SUBTITLES IN INDONESIAN
This research aims to analyze the translation strategies of pragmatic expressions in English Indonesian subtitles of Netflix films, focusing on how translators convey meaning, politeness, and communicative intent across cultural and linguistic boundaries. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study examines two selected films, The Intern (2015) and Don't Look Up (2021), through the lens of pragmatic analysis and translation strategy theory proposed by Molina and Albir (2020) and Díaz Cintas and Remael (2021). Data were collected from 300 utterances containing pragmatic functions such as directives, expressives, commissives, and representatives. The results reveal that the most frequently used strategies are equivalence (38%) and adaptation (25%), followed by modulation, omission, and explicitation. These strategies effectively maintain the communicative intent of the source text while adjusting to Indonesian cultural norms and subtitle constraints. Overall, the study concludes that successful audiovisual translation requires balancing linguistic accuracy with pragmatic and cultural appropriateness to ensure audience comprehension and engagement
, Subtitling, Netflix Films, Audiovisual Translation, Translation Strategies
INTEGRATION OF COMPUTER-ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING CONTEXT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
This study aims to systematically analyze the integration of digital technology in Indonesian learning in economic contextual context through the Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) approach. The background of this research departs from the urgent need to increase the effectiveness of language learning in the era of digital transformation, especially in the context of economic education that demands high communication skills and digital literacy. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on the PRISMA guidelines, by examining 35 scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025 from the Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and ERIC databases. The analysis process is carried out through thematic analysis which includes the identification of CALL innovation trends, the impact on learning outcomes, and implementation challenges in the regions. The results show that the integration of digital technology through CALL significantly improves students' learning motivation, critical thinking skills, and understanding of the economic context. CALL also strengthens contextual learning by providing economic simulations and digital project-based activities relevant to the world of work. However, several main obstacles were found, such as limited infrastructure, a gap in teachers' digital literacy, and a lack of technology-based pedagogical training. This study confirms that effective implementation of CALL requires an integrative strategy between curriculum, teacher competence, and sustainable technology support. The results of this SLR are expected to be a conceptual basis for the development of an economic context-based Indonesian learning model in the digital era, as well as strengthen the direction of national education policies towards adaptive and innovative learning.
AN ANALYSIS OF GEN Z'S PERCEPTION REGARDING COMMUNICATION STYLES THAT CULTIVATE RELATABILITY IN PODCAST MEDIA
Generation Z (Gen Z), the dominant media consumer, actively seeks relatability, yet the specific speaking styles that foster this connection remain unidentified, creating a gap between media production and reception studies. This descriptive qualitative study analyzed semi-structured in-depth interviews with 31 Gen Z informants through a constructivist lens. The findings confirm Gen Z are active "meaning navigators," aligning with Uses and Gratifications (U&G) theory. Relatability is not a singular concept but a spectrum fulfilling distinct needs: (1) a "Safe Space" (emotional-reflective), (2) a "Virtual Hangout Friend" (social-communal), and (3) a "Mentor" (aspirational-intellectual). Crucially, each dimension is underpinned by specific speaking styles, from "gentle and empathetic" to "spontaneous and outspoken" or "structured and logical." The most significant finding is the presence of "skill transfer," as Gen Z consciously or unconsciously adopts these admired styles. The study concludes that passive media consumption, when driven by strong relatability, functions as a powerful implicit learning process, with Gen Z actively selecting virtual mentors to shape their real-world communicative identities.
Generation Z; Sense of Relatability; Speaking Style; Podcast; Reception Analysis
AN ANALYSIS OF GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ WRITING OF SIMPLE ENGLISH SENTENCES
This study investigates the difficulties experienced by junior high school students in constructing simple English sentences and identifies the most common types of errors in their writing. The research focuses on sentences following a basic pattern involving subject plus was or were plus adjective to examine students’ understanding of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure. A descriptive qualitative design was employed with 64 eighth-grade students from SMP Negeri 3 Mlati as participants. The students worked in pairs to complete guided writing tasks, producing a total of 157 sentences. Each sentence was analyzed and classified into grammatical, lexical, and structural categories. The findings reveal that 82.2 percent of sentences were correct, showing that most students have a solid understanding of basic sentence construction. Nevertheless, errors were observed, especially in sentence structure, followed by grammar and vocabulary, highlighting areas requiring additional support. Frequent mistakes included missing prepositions, incorrect verb forms, and improper word order, reflecting difficulties in applying rules consistently. The study shows that collaborative writing exercises with targeted feedback can enhance students’ writing accuracy. It provides insights for teachers to design focused practice and contributes to understanding how structured tasks improve junior high school students’ English writing skills
Secondary Education Students’ Perceptions, Enjoyment, and Satisfaction in Using Mobile Devices for English Learning
This study investigates secondary school students’ perceptions, enjoyment, and satisfaction in using mobile devices for English learning. Employing a survey design, the research involved 100 students (48 male, 52 female) who completed a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. Data were analyzed using interval-level interpretation based on Pimentel’s (2010) scale. The findings reveal that students perceive mobile devices as highly usable, engaging, and motivating, with perception, interest, and enjoyment rated in the very high category and satisfaction rated high. Ease of use emerged as the most significant factor influencing positive attitudes, while enjoyment and interest contributed to sustained engagement and autonomous learning. The study highlights the practical implications of integrating mobile devices into structured, goal-oriented learning activities that balance interactivity, accessibility, and pedagogical guidance. Despite its contributions, the research is limited to a single school and relies on self-reported measures, which may affect generalizability. Future studies are recommended to employ longitudinal designs, compare different school contexts, or examine the impact of specific applications on language learning outcomes. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence that mobile-assisted learning is an effective, flexible, and motivating tool for enhancing English proficiency among secondary school students, offering both cognitive and affective benefits when thoughtfully implemented.
UNRAVELLING POWER DYNAMICS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF VOLODYMYS ZELENSKIY’S ADDRESS TO THE UK PARLIAMENT
Studi ini menganalisis secara kritis pidato Volodymyr Zelenskiy di Parlemen Inggris menggunakan model 3D Analisis Wacana Kritis (CDA) Norman Fairclough. Studi ini meneliti bagaimana praktik tekstual, diskursif, dan sosial dibangun untuk menjalankan kekuasaan dan membentuk persepsi selama konflik Rusia-Ukraina. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa penggunaan bahasa strategis Zelenskiy secara signifikan memengaruhi sentimen audiens, memposisikan Ukraina sebagai korban agresi dan Rusia sebagai agresor. Studi ini menyoroti peran bahasa yang kuat dalam membangun realitas politik dan memobilisasi dukungan internasional. Selain itu, strategi linguistik tertentu dibangun, menekankan nilai-nilai yang sama dengan audiens dan membentuk kembali wacana perang antara Rusia dan Ukraina. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa melalui pidatonya, Presiden Volodymyr Zelenskiy berhasil memengaruhi anggota parlemen Inggris sebagai audiens dan selanjutnya membentuk wacana perang antara Rusia dan Ukraina, di mana Rusia digambarkan sebagai biang keladi yang menyerang nilai-nilai inti kemanusiaan dan Ukraina, di sisi lain, digambarkan sebagai korban.
IMPROVING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS' SPEAKING ABILITY BY USING THE CARTOON PICTURES SERIES
This study aimed to identify whether the use of cartoon images can assist eighth-grade students at SMP N 5 Kota Kupang in improving their speaking abilities. The descriptive method was used to characterize speaking skills. This study employed a test for describing cartoon picture series. This study focused on three distinct components of speaking: grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. According to the analysis's findings, the researcher discovered that (1) eighth-grade students were able speak English, particularly when describing cartoon picture series orally. (2) Students in the eighth grade showed ‘very good’ speaking ability level (15.6). The students’ speaking ability level for each element is as follows: Grammar has a score of 104, while the average is 5.2, and vocabulary has a score of 108, while the average is 5.4. The average score for pronunciation is 5, while the total score is 100. The researcher provides some recommendations based on the results of the research. The first is recommended for the English teachers to train students to speak English in front of the class while presenting something, such as a picture or other learning media, and encourage them to read more in order to improve their literacy skill. Secondly, the students need to work on their pronunciation by listening to English-language radios, music, and television shows. The future researchers are encouraged to conduct the similar research with different media and strategies in improving the language learners’ speaking ability.
Speaking Ability, Cartoon Pictures Series
THE "BEGEPEN" TRADITION AS A SYMBOL OF PEACE AND UNIVERSITY IN THE EFFORT OF STRENGTHENING THE NATION'S SELF IN THE TRADITIONAL SERVICES OF THE ODUNG BAORAJA TRIBE
The ritual of the peaceful banquet is one of the growing and still robust traditions, maintained in almost all areas in Lembata. In the east of Atadei, the ritual of a peaceful banquet known as 'begepen'. Odung is one of the clans in Atadei that is still maintaining the begepen ritual. Begepen is held in every ritual that involves all members of the clan. Begepen is a central ritual for family members when entering the clan's house (una rayan). The ritual is held to gather all family members and their forefathers. Begepen is a family's peaceful banquet based on a lovely sense and strong presence among the family members. In addition, this concept contains values described as similarity, brotherhood, openness and forgiveness. Begepen is a forefather heir tradition that improves each mistake, unites, and tightens the brotherhood among the clan members with their forefather. A form of brotherhood is once again an attempt to strengthen the identity of members of the Odung clan, particularly Indonesians. It indicates that the people in Atadei are still very strong in maintaining and performing the tradition that offers the values of courtesy as a national glorious culture.
UNRAVELLING IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN TAYLOR SWIFT'S ALBUM "MIDNIGHTS": A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
This research investigates the idiomatic expressions present in Taylor Swift's album "Midnights." Employing qualitative research and content analysis, the songs from the album serve as the primary data source. Using Palmer's theory, the researcher collected the song lyrics by browsing various platforms, particularly Spotify, transcribing, and listening to them. The data analysis involved reading, identifying, and classifying the types and meanings of idiomatic expressions within the lyrics, culminating in drawing conclusions. The findings revealed three types of idiomatic expressions in the lyrics: phrasal verb idiom (67% - 37 idioms), partial idiom (9% - 5 idioms), and prepositional idiom (24% - 13 idioms). The idiomatic expressions were associated with two distinct meanings: denotative meaning (91% - 50 idioms) and connotative meaning (9% - 5 idioms). This study sheds light on the prevalence and types of idiomatic expressions in Taylor Swift's album "Midnights," providing insights into the richness of language use and its impact on the overall themes and emotions conveyed in the songs.
Idiomatic, Expression, Song, lyrics, Midnights
AN ANALYSIS OF A STUDENT’S NARRATIVE TEXT WRITING FROM A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS PERSPECTIVE
Teks naratif merupakan teks yang dirancang untuk menghibur pembaca. Dalam konteks pendidikan Indonesia, siswa kurang memiliki pemahaman umum tentang cara membuat teks naratif yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis teks naratif siswa. Partisipan penelitian adalah siswa SMA Islam swasta kelas dua di Kabupaten Semarang. Ia dipilih sebagai partisipan karena tulisannya menunjukkan bahwa ia kurang berprestasi, yang dapat menggambarkan kemampuan seluruh kelas. Analisis dokumen digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi yang memadai tentang tulisan naratif siswa yang dilihat dari SFL. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa kurang memiliki tata bahasa, elipsis dalam kalimat nominal finit, gangguan L1 pada urutan kata, dan penguasaan kosakata. Oleh karena itu, untuk meminimalkan masalah yang berulang, pembelajaran berbasis masalah merupakan salah satu pendekatan terbaik untuk mengajarkan penulisan naratif. Pendekatan ini digunakan karena menyampaikan berbagai kegiatan di mana siswa termotivasi untuk menulis dan berbagi pengetahuan mereka dengan orang lain dalam pembelajaran kolaboratif. Oleh karena itu, untuk menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis masalah ke dalam proses belajar mengajar, langkah-langkah dalam mengajarkan pembelajaran berbasis masalah harus dipadukan ke dalam pendekatan berbasis genre.
narrative texts, genre-based approach, Problem-based learning
Front Matters - Cover, Editorial Board, and Table of Content
Hak Cipta (c) 2021 Lectio: Journal of Language and Language Teaching
PENGAJARAN BERBICARA: AKTIVITAS-AKTIVITAS UNTUK MEMPROMOSIKAN KETRAMPILAN BERBICARA DI KELAS BAHASA INGGRIS SEBAGAI BAHASA ASING
Abstract Dalam beberapa decade terakhir ini, kita telah melihat bagaimana bahasa Inggris telah bertumbuh menjadi sebuah bahasa global yang semakin popular dan semakin diterima luas sebagai bahasa global. Menariknya, jumlah penutur bahasa Inggris yang bukan asli jauh melebihi jumlah penutur aslinya. Di Indonesia, bahasa Inggris diadopsi sebagai bahasa asing. Sebagai bahasa asing, bahasa Inggris hanya dipelajari sebagai sebuah mata pelajaran di sekolah dan tidak digunakan untuk berlomunikasi di masyarakat. Dengan demikian, para siswa memperoleh kesempatan yang terbatas untuk mempraktekkan dan menggunakannya untuk berkomunikasi. Hal ini akan menjadi sebuah tugas yang tidak ringan jika kita ingin mengembangkan keterampilan berbicara siswa. Dengan demikian, memaksimalkan waktu belajar di kelas dengan kegiatan-kegiatan praktis adalah salah satu pilihan yang terbaik. Dialog, survey, deskripsi gambar, membedekan gambar, bermain peran, dan bercerita adalah kegiatan yang tepat untuk mengembangkan keterampilan berbicara. Akan tetapi, untuk menentukan kegiatan mana yang diterapkan, seorang guru perlu mempertimbangkan tingkat kemahiran berbahasa siswa, hasil belajar hasil belajar yang ingin dicapai serta fasilitas yang tersedia agar kegiatan yang dipilih tersebut cocok dengan tingkat kemahiran berbahasa siswa, produktif dalam mengembangkan keterampilan berbicara serta dapat diaplikasikan dalam konteks lokal.
PENGAJARAN SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19: APA YANG SEHARUSNYA PARA PENDIDIK LAKUKAN UNTUK MENYELAMATKAN KRISIS PENDIDIKAN BANGSA?
COVID-19 has caused a crisis in all sectors of life, including in the education sector. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the educators to find best strategy to save the nations’ education crisis. This study attempts to investigate EFL Indonesian teachers’ teaching strategy as well as to explore their challenges in adapting to the new mode of teaching during COVID-19. The application of online teaching in Indonesia has experienced several serious problems due to the unequal distribution of technology resources in all places in Indonesia. Therefore, improvisations in teaching are necessary so that every student in Indonesia can continue learning during this pandemic. Two EFL teachers from different regions in Indonesia were interviewed to find out about their English teaching strategies applied during the COVID-19 pandemic and their challenges in adapting to the new mode of teaching (distance education). This study also discussed the teachers’ efforts to overcome the challenges in teaching with a new mode. It is hoped that others can learn from the participants’ experience so that they will be more prepared to face the extension of the new learning mode.
teaching strategy, challenges, new mode of teaching, COVID-19 pandemic
STUDI TENTANG TEKNIK BERPIKIR-BERPASANGAN-BERBAGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETRAMPILAN BERBICARA BAGI SISWA KELAS 8
This research aims to improve students’ speaking skill by using the technique of Think-Pair-Share (TPS) for the eighth grade students of SMPK Santa Familia Kupang in the school year of 2017/2018. Based on the objectives, the researcher provides three problem statements regarding this research. They are how the TPS technique is used to improve speaking skill, the advantages and disadvantages of the TPS technique during the research, and does the TPS technique improve students’ speaking skill. This research was categorized as classroom action research. Based on the schedule, the actions were implemented in two cycles. There was only one meeting in each cycle. This research involved 20 students of class VIII A of SMPK Santa Familia Kupang in the school year of 2017/2018. The English teachers acted as the observer and rater for the test conducted. The data of this study were gained by qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were obtained by observing, interviewing both the students and English teachers. Meantime, the quantitative data were acquired through the result of pre-test, progress test, and post-test in each cycle. The procedure of the research are planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The results of this research showed that the use of Think-Pair-Share (TPS) technique was able to improve the speaking skill of the eight grade students of SMPK Santa Familia Kupang in the school year of 2017/2018. Based on the qualitative data, applying the Think-Pair-Share technique gave the student more opportunities to speak up in English. The student did participate actively during the teaching and learning process. The activity such as classroom English, vocabulary pronunciation, giving feedback, and pronunciation drill were used to support this technique. It can be seen that the students were able to improve their capability in speaking English. These findings were also supported by the result of the students’ scores in the test. The mean scores of pre-test in the first cycle were 55,175. In the second cycle, the mean scores were 74,625. In short, the students had made some improvements in some aspects of speaking skills like pronunciation, intonation, comprehension, grammar, vocabulary, gesture, and expression.
Keywords: Think-Pair-Share, Speaking Skill, Classroom Action Research
The Different Language Use between Male and Female
This research was done to answer the following problem statements 1) What are the differences of language use between male and female of the third-semester students of English Education Study Program of Widya Mandira Catholic University in academic year 2018/2019? 2)Why do the male and female of the third-semester students of English Education Study Program of Widya Mandira Catholic University in academic year 2018/2019 use language differently? A qualitative research was used to conduct this sociolinguistics research where the researcher used two instruments; DCT (Discourse Completion Test) and observation. The researcher found out that 1) Female participants used exaggerated adjectives and adverbs more than males did. 2) Female participants used expletives more than males did. 3) Female participants addressed their same gender friends using exaggerated pronoun. 4) Female participants gave supportive words and empathy more often than males did. 5) Females used less imperative sentence than male did. 6) seven out of nine female participants chose gossips while all of the males and two females chose sport as the most topic of conversation they had. The reason why the participants used language differently is because they have their own personalities, expression, and ways of reaction during the interview.
language use, men, women, sociolinguistics
STRATEGI KOGNITIF YANG DIGUNAKAN DALAM MEMBACA SECARA KRITIS OLEH SISWA YANG MEMILIKI NILAI TINGGI DAN RENDAH
This study was conducted to answer the following questions: 1. What are the cognitive strategies employed by high and low achievers?. 2. What are the differences in cognitive strategies employed by high and low achievers? The participants were 6 second-year students from the English Education Study Program with 3 students who are considered as high achievers and 3 others as low achievers in reading. To obtain the data, three times observation and retrospective interviews have been conducted. The topics of the reading text for the 3 meetings were all different. The results of the research are: 1. The high achiever students have reportedly used 8, 5, and 6 cognitive strategies and low achiever students have reportedly used 3, 4, and 7 out of 10 cognitive strategies. 2. There were two major differences in employing the cognitive strategies in terms of the total amount of cognitive strategies used and the way high and low achievers employed the strategies.
Learning Strategies, Cognitive, Critical Reading.