INTEGRASI KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM MITIGASI ERUPSI GUNUNG LEWOTOBI: KETAHANAN MASYARAKAT ADAT FLORES TIMUR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30822/jap.v3i1.5432Keywords:
Kearifan Lokal, Mitigasi Bencana, Gunung Lewotobi, Ritual Tuba Ile, Ketangguhan MasyarakatAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji integrasi kearifan lokal masyarakat Flores Timur dalam mitigasi bencana erupsi Gunung Lewotobi sebagai upaya membangun ketangguhan komunitas berbasis budaya. Gunung Lewotobi, yang terdiri dari dua puncak Lewotobi Laki-laki dan Lewotobi Perempuan merupakan gunung berapi aktif yang secara historis telah berulang kali mengalami erupsi dan menimbulkan dampak signifikan bagi masyarakat sekitarnya. Masyarakat di kawasan ini, khususnya Desa Nawokote, telah mengembangkan sistem pengetahuan lokal yang terintegrasi dalam praktik budaya, ritual adat, dan pembacaan tanda-tanda alam sebagai bentuk kesiapsiagaan bencana. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi literatur sistematis yang menelaah teori, temuan penelitian terdahulu, dan dokumen kebijakan terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ritual Tuba Ile dan kearifan ekologis masyarakat Nawokote berfungsi sebagai sistem peringatan dini tradisional yang dikenal dalam literatur ilmiah sebagai Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), yang mencakup pembacaan perubahan perilaku hewan, kondisi vegetasi, bau belerang, serta perubahan debit mata air. Selain itu, kearifan lokal berperan penting dalam mobilisasi sosial, pembangunan resiliensi psikologis, dan transmisi pengetahuan antargenerasi. Penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya integrasi sistematis antara kearifan lokal dan sistem penanggulangan bencana modern sesuai dengan kerangka Sendai Framework 2015–2030, guna menciptakan model mitigasi bencana yang inklusif, kontekstual, dan berkelanjutan.
Downloads
References
(GVP), G. V. P. (2023). Lewotobi (Flores). https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=264212
Abarquez, I., & Murshed, Z. (2004). Field Practitioners’ Handbook. Asian Disaster Preparedness Center Bangkok.
Agrawal, A. (1995). Dismantling the divide between indigenous and scientific knowledge. Development and Change, 26(3), 413–439.
Aldrich, D. P. (2012). Building resilience: Social capital in post-disaster recovery. University of Chicago Press.
Alexander, D. (2018). Natural disasters. Routledge.
Anderson, W. (2008). The Philippines’ Experience in Establishing a Community-based Early Warning System. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2(1), 12–24.
Andreastuti, S., Alloway, B., & Smith, I. (2006). A Detailed Tephrochronological Record From Merapi Volcano, Indonesia: Implications for Eruptive Activity and Human Responses. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 100(1–4), 51–67.
Andung, P. A., Uding, E. P., & Levis, L. R. (2024). Pemanfaatan kearifan lokal sebagai folk media untuk komunikasi krisis bencana. WACANA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komunikasi, 391–401.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control (Vol. 11). Freeman.
Berkes, F. (2012). Sacred ecology: Traditional ecological knowledge and resource management (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., & Wisner, B. (2014). At risk: natural hazards, people’s vulnerability and disasters. Routledge.
BNPB. (2024). Buku Data Bencana Indonesia 2024. https://bnpb.go.id
BNPB. (2025). Aktivitas Gunung Lewotobi Laki-laki Masih Tinggi. https://www.bnpb.go.id/berita/aktivitas-gunung-lewotobi-laki-laki-masih-tinggi-pemda-dan-warga-diimbau-siaga
Chester, D. K. (2005). Volcanoes, society and culture. Volcanoes and the environment. Edited by J. Martí, GG Ernst. Cambridge ….
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Cutter, S. L., Boruff, B. J., & Shirley, W. L. (2003). Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards. Social Science Quarterly, 84(2), 242–261.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2018). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Donovan, K. (2010). Doing social volcanology: exploring volcanic culture in Indonesia. Area, 42(1), 117–126.
Fakhruddin, I., & Elmada, M. A. G. (2022). Local wisdom as a part of disaster communication: a study on the local storytelling in disaster mitigation. ETNOSIA: Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia, 7(2), 154–166.
Fernández‐Llamazares, Á., Garteizgogeascoa, M., Basu, N., Brondizio, E. S., Cabeza, M., Martínez‐Alier, J., McElwee, P., & Reyes‐García, V. (2020). A state‐of‐the‐art review of indigenous peoples and environmental pollution. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 16(3), 324–341.
Firdaus, A., Lestari, F., Afiff, S. A., & Herdiansyah, H. (2023). Integration of knowledge and local wisdom for disaster resilience in Anak Krakatau volcano. Jàmbá-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 15(1), 1457. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v15i1.1457
Forth, G. L. (1998). Beneath the volcano: Religion, cosmology and spirit classification among the Nage of eastern Indonesia (Vol. 177). KITLV Press Leiden.
Fox, J. J. (1980). The flow of life: Essays on eastern Indonesia. Harvard University Press.
Gadgil, M., Berkes, F., & Folke, C. (1993). Indigenous knowledge for biodiversity conservation. Ambio-Stockholm-, 22, 151.
Hutari, F. (2024). Apa Peran Kearifan Lokal Terhadap Mitigasi Erupsi Gunung Lewotobi Laki-Laki? https://www.alinea.id/gaya-hidup/peran-kearifan-lokal-pada-mitigasi-gunung-lewotobi-laki-laki-b2kH69QNi
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge university press.
Lavigne, F., De Coster, B., Juvin, N., Flohic, F., Gaillard, J.-C., Texier, P., Morin, J., & Sartohadi, J. (2008). People’s behaviour in the face of volcanic hazards: Perspectives from Javanese communities, Indonesia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 172(3–4), 273–287.
Lévi-Strauss, C., & Wilcken, P. (2013). Myth and meaning. Routledge.
Lj Moleong. (2017). Metode Penlitian Kualitatif. Metodologi Penlitian Kulitatif, April 2021, 1–9.
Mare, Y. G., Angin, I. S., & Rahmawati, A. (2021). Mitigasi Bencana Gunung Api Lewotobi Laki-Laki Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Desa Nawokote Di Kecamatan Wulanggitang, Kabupaten Flores Timur. Jurnal Geografi, 17(2), 55–60.
Mercer, J., Kelman, I., Taranis, L., & Suchet‐Pearson, S. (2010). Framework for integrating indigenous and scientific knowledge for disaster risk reduction. Disasters, 34(1), 214–239.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Norris, F. H., Stevens, S. P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K. F., & Pfefferbaum, R. L. (2008). Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(1), 127–150.
Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG). (2024). Aktivitas Vulkanik G. Lewotobi Naik Signifikan, PVMBG Rubah Rekomendasi Jarak Aman. https://www.esdm.go.id/id/media-center/arsip-berita/aktivitas-vulkanik-g-lewotobi-naik-signifikan-pvmbg-rubah-rekomendasi-jarak-aman
Shaw, R., & Krishnamurthy, R. R. (2010). Disaster management: global challenges and local solutions. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339.
Suwarno, Nirwansyah, A. W., Sutomo, Demirdag, I., Sarjanti, E., & Bramasta, D. (2022). The existence of indigenous knowledge and local landslide mitigation: A case study of Banyumas people in Gununglurah Village, Central Java, Indonesia. Sustainability, 14(19), 12765.
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence‐informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207–222.
Wisner, B., & Wisner, B. (2004). At risk: natural hazards, people’s vulnerability and disasters. Psychology Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ernawati Daeng, Andreas Peni, Elisabeth D.M. Welin, Olifia Fobia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
