Current issue 2025: ARTEKS Volume 10 Issue 1 April 2025 | In Progress Issue | Archive | Start Submission ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur adalah sebuah media publikasi yang diterbitkan oleh Program Studi Arsitektur Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira. Tujuannya adalah sebagai media komunikasi, desiminasi dan pertukaran informasi dunia arsitektur serta media publikasi hasil penelitian maupun hasil karya ilmiah arsitektur. Secara umum Jurnal ini berisi tentang Dunia Arsitektur dan secara spesifik dapat berupa: (1) Teori, Sejarah dan Desain Arsitektur; (2) Ilmu dan Teknologi Arsitektur; (3) Arsitektur Kota dan Perancangan Kota; (4) Arsitektur Rumah dan Perumahan; (5) Desain Interior dan Eksterior.
Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira
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An intrinsic value of the inhabitants’ sense of place in sustaining Dalem in Yogyakarta
The persistent existence of the Keraton Yogyakarta has fundamentally catalyzed the growth of the Kraton District as a premier destination for cultural heritage tourism. Ensuring the long-term sustainability of this historic precinct necessitates a strategic prioritization of its inherited cultural values. A primary manifestation of the Sultanate’s historical power is the noble residential typology known as the Dalem. Both Dalem Mangkubumen and Dalem Kaneman serve as quintessential heritage assets that have endured by dynamically adapting to contemporary urban contexts to facilitate relevant communal activities. These structures possess an intrinsic value that reinforces their significance within the collective meaning-making processes across successive generations and historical narratives. This research investigates the intrinsic dimensions of the inhabitants’ sense of place by analyzing two primary constructs: place meaning, articulated through empirical experience and spatial satisfaction, and place attachment, expressed through self-identity and functional dependence. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, the study synthesizes field surveys including systematic observation and in-depth interviews with comprehensive literature reviews. The findings reveal that the Dalem maintains its intrinsic vitality through embedded cultural codes that link the residence to the broader Keraton ecosystem, manifested through the interrelation of meaning and attachment. Ultimately, socio-cultural practices function as the essential mechanisms for reproducing a sense of place and ensuring the intergenerational transfer of these intrinsic values.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Emmelia Tricia Herliana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
In-Situ hygrothermal evaluation of ventilation block as adaptive climate buffer in contemporary tropical house of Indonesia
Within tropical urban environments, passive cooling strategies have become increasingly essential in mitigating the escalating energy consumption associated with achieving indoor thermal comfort. Among the passive cooling approaches suitable for the hot-humid tropical climate of Indonesia, comfort-oriented ventilation through the application of ventilation blocks demonstrates considerable potential. Nevertheless, the actual thermal behavior and environmental performance of ventilation blocks as an integrated system within tropical residential architecture remain insufficiently investigated. This study examines the hygrothermal performance of ventilation blocks as adaptive climatic buffers in urban housing environments. Four contemporary residential buildings in Surabaya were selected as case studies, representing the hot-humid climatic characteristics of Indonesia. Field measurements were conducted over a continuous 30-day monitoring period using temperature and humidity sensors. The instruments were positioned at a height of 1.5 m above the floor surface. Buffered hygrothermal conditions were successfully achieved within the indoor spaces of the contemporary houses. This environmental condition produced the lowest average indoor temperature (28.1°C), the longest thermal comfort duration (16 hours), and the smallest temperature and humidity fluctuations (2.7°C and 11%). Configurations incorporating high opening ratios and hygroscopic materials demonstrated greater effectiveness in moderating moisture levels. Meanwhile, configurations characterized by moderate opening ratios and material thicknesses generated the most optimal spatial heat propagation performance and the longest cooling duration.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Agung Murti Nugroho, Muhammad Nur Fajri Alfata, Andika Citraningrum, Wasiska Iyati, Fernanda Ayuning Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Transformation of granary form (Dhurung) function: A case of bawean traditional house in East Java, Indonesia
In Indonesia, the long-standing presence of a dedicated building for storing rice (granary) in traditional houses serves as clear evidence of the significance of agricultural produce within the country’s cultural heritage. Before the advent of modern financial systems, rice functioned as a symbol of wealth and prosperity for indigenous communities, and for this reason, it was kept in a specialized structure known as a granary. In relation to traditional Bawean houses, this structure is referred to as a Dhurung, a standalone form that is typically situated at the front of the house. With the gradual shift towards modernization, however, more practical storage solutions, such as using boxes placed in the kitchen or cooking areas, have emerged, causing the traditional function of the rice barn to undergo a significant transformation. The Dhurung, which once served as a vital storage facility for rice, has accordingly evolved in response to changing lifestyles and needs. This study therefore aims to investigate the transformation of the Dhurung from a rice storage facility into a multipurpose space that is often used for gathering and socializing on the front porch of Bawean Island's traditional houses. The primary objective of this research is to identify the underlying motivations that have driven the functional shift of the Dhurung, while also examining the dynamics of cultural adaptation and the evolving needs of communities. By examining the transformation of the Dhurung using Qualitative Method, this study seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the cultural significance of granary in Indonesia and to inform future studies on the diversity of rice barns across Indonesia. Through exploring the transformation of traditional structures like the Dhurung, this research promotes a more nuanced understanding of the complex relationships between cultural heritage, community needs, and sustainable development.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Yanita Mila Ardiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Features of investment in economies with different level of development: The role of infrastructure projects financing
The role of infrastructure investment is increasingly critical in both developed and transitional economies due to its wide-ranging multiplier effects, including capital inflows, production growth, and enhanced transport efficiency. This article aims to examine the significance of infrastructure investments across these economic contexts. Using a comparative and structural analysis of infrastructure investment from 1990 to 2023, the study highlights key regional differences across Europe, Central Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific. These variations are influenced by factors such as institutional capacity, urbanization levels, population density, infrastructure needs, export potential, and budget constraints. Political and regulatory frameworks for attracting public and private investment significantly shape capital allocation strategies. In East Asia and the Pacific, investment is primarily directed toward new transport infrastructure through greenfield projects and mixed financing models. Conversely, Europe and Central Asia focus on modernizing existing infrastructure through pragmatic and balanced investment policies, often influenced by national financial strategies. The findings offer practical value by demonstrating how the experiences of developed economies can inform infrastructure strategies in transitioning countries, promoting more efficient investment practices and long-term development planning. These insights are particularly relevant for policymakers seeking to optimize infrastructure growth within their specific economic and institutional contexts.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Maria Vakulich, Ihor Zlakoman, Larysa Boltianska, Viktoriia Budnyk, Oleksandr Zinevych https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effects of built mass arrangement and morphology on external thermal comfort within subsidized dwellings
Urbanization has resulted in a continuous escalation of land values and housing prices in urban regions, while the demand for residential units in cities persists in increasing. As a result, government-provided subsidized housing has become a crucial option for low-income communities. Nevertheless, these subsidized housing projects are frequently criticized for their insufficient construction quality. Growing concerns have emerged that such developments may unintentionally intensify global warming by elevating ambient temperatures within the residential environment. This study investigates how variations in building mass configuration and architectural form influence outdoor temperature as a passive design strategy to improve thermal conditions in subsidized housing areas. The analysis employs a hypothetical massing model of subsidized housing simulated using Rhinoceros, Grasshopper, and Ladybug. The results demonstrate that adjustments in building mass configuration and form are capable of lowering outdoor temperatures, although the impact remains relatively modest. Case Study 4B, which uses asphalt as the site’s surface material and represents the scenario with the most favorable UTCI values in both orientations, achieves a UTCI reduction of 1.8 °C for the West–East orientation and 1.6 °C for the North–South orientation when compared to the base case.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Wildan Muhammad Haikal, Nedyomukti Imam Syafii https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The relationship between Chinese community traditions and belief systems and the architectural form of the Chinatown area in Lasem, Central Java
Historical records indicate that Chinese communities have consistently adapted to their surrounding environments. This adaptive capacity has influenced both activities and architectural styles found within Chinatown areas. Although the architectural forms of Chinatowns may appear similar on the surface, they often embody an integration of traditions and belief systems that shape their design. This study aims to explore, analyze, and define the relationship between the traditions and belief systems of the Chinese community and the architectural forms of Chinatown in the Lasem Chinatown area, Central Java. A qualitative approach is employed in this research to collect primary data through two main methods: (1) conducting interviews with key informants to gather data on traditions and beliefs related to activities, and (2) carrying out field observations to collect data on the architectural forms of Chinatown. The data are analyzed and interpreted to reveal the relationships between the interview information obtained and the observational findings. In the context of residential buildings, the traditions and beliefs of the Chinese community are transmitted from generation to generation without significantly altering the architectural form. Chinese architecture functions as a pragmatic replication of ancient structures from their homeland, brought by Chinese immigrants to Indonesia, particularly to Lasem. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the relationship between traditions and belief systems and the architectural forms of Chinatown, and propose strategies for the sustainability of contemporary Chinese architectural practices.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Julindiani Iskandar, Purnama Salura, Yohanes Karyadi Kusliansjah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Net-Zero energy strategies for tropical hotels using passive design and PCM-Based envelope systems
Motivated by the advancement of the net-zero hospitality concept in Indonesia, and considering the relatively high average humidity levels found in tropical countries with varied climatic conditions, this study examines the effects of integrating phase change materials (PCMs) into hotel building envelope systems across six Indonesian cities representing a wide range of tropical climate classifications (Af, Am, Aw, and Bsh). The objective is to improve total energy consumption (TEC), life cycle cost (LCC), and carbon dioxide (CO?) emissions performance. This research evaluates the efficiency of PCM-reinforced wall systems under two dual-objective optimization scenarios: (1) TEC versus LCC and (2) TEC versus CO? emissions, using an integrated simulation framework combining DesignBuilder, EnergyPlus, and a multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The results indicate that PCM integration can substantially enhance total energy savings and reduce CO? emissions by up to 47.80 percent and 52.96 percent, respectively, particularly in earth-based and masonry wall assemblies. Significant economic benefits were also identified, with life cycle cost savings reaching up to 29.62 percent and reductions in the average tariff cost per square meter of approximately 22.15 percent in high-tariff zones, such as Denpasar, when these construction systems are applied. The optimal PCM configurations were found to be climate-dependent, performing most effectively with external PCM placement and melting temperature ranges between 23 and 29°C. Overall, the findings demonstrate that PCM integration can provide sustainable, cost-effective, and climate-responsive building envelope solutions for the hospitality sector in tropical regions. Furthermore, the study presents a robust optimization framework that is scalable for both retrofit applications and new construction, supporting Indonesia’s ecotourism development and zero-emission building agenda.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Hepi Duchovny Young, Erni Setyowati, Eddy Prianto, Agung Dwiyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A territorial leeway: Children’s adaptive behavior in tourism neighborhood, Prawirotaman, Indonesia
Many urban kampungs in Yogyakarta have undergone significant transformation into tourism-oriented destinations, including the neighborhood of Prawirotaman. This transformation has contributed to the reduction of children’s play spaces and has limited opportunities for outdoor play experiences compared to those available to children living in rural environments. Consequently, children are required to continuously negotiate and adapt to the spatial and social changes occurring within their neighborhood context. Accordingly, this study seeks to examine the relationship between play territoriality and the spatial experiences that shape children’s behavioral responses, while simultaneously addressing existing research gaps concerning children’s territorial adaptation behavior. Data collection was conducted through snapshot observations to document children’s play activities and movement patterns, including gestures, conversations, spatial settings, and the objects involved in play activities. These observations were further supported by drawings, narratives, and mapping techniques. The study employed a behavioral approach combined with content analysis methods. The findings reveal that children living within kampung environments adapt to ongoing neighborhood transformation through forms of territorial leeway that enable play activities to persist. Furthermore, children’s spatial experiences significantly influence their adaptive behavior, their perceptions of transitional spaces, and the extent of their play territories. This study contributes to the enrichment of architectural behavioral theory and provides a foundational framework for the development of child-friendly residential settlements.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Tika Ainunnisa Fitria, Mohd Hisyam Rasidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Integration of digital technology in conservation of traditional Balinese architecture: Strategic model innovation towards cultural sustainability
Balinese traditional architecture constitutes a significant cultural legacy enriched with philosophical, societal, and ecological meanings; however, its continuity is increasingly challenged by the pressures of modernization, rapid urban expansion, and the declining transmission of indigenous knowledge across generations. This study investigates the function of integrating digital technologies as a conservation strategy aimed at reinforcing long-term cultural sustainability. A qualitative-descriptive approach is adopted through comprehensive literature review, on-site observation, and case-study examination of the digitalization processes applied to traditional architectural structures. The findings indicate that digital recording techniques (3D scanning, photogrammetry) together with immersive educational visualization (augmented reality/AR, virtual reality/VR) significantly improve the precision of heritage documentation, generate opportunities within the creative economy, support cultural learning initiatives, and enhance the involvement of local communities. Nevertheless, several major constraints remain, including limited digital literacy among stakeholders, inadequate technological infrastructure, cultural hesitation toward technological intervention, and the absence of coherent and integrative policy frameworks. Based on these findings, a strategic framework identified as the “Digital-Integrated Cultural Sustainability (DICS)” model is formulated, combining advanced digital applications with indigenous cultural principles to achieve sustainable preservation. This research ultimately demonstrates that digital technology should not be regarded merely as a technical instrument, but rather as an innovative and strategic mechanism for safeguarding the tangible and intangible cultural values of Bali. It is expected that these outcomes may provide practical guidance for the formulation of digital-oriented conservation policies and implementation strategies within other regions possessing rich cultural heritage. properly, and there are gaps in the connection between units.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Ni Made Emmi Nutrisia Dewi, Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra, I Kadek Pranajaya, Muhammad Febrian Rachmadhan Amri, Dewa Gede Adi Dharma Sucipta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of the vulnerability level of coastal settlements to tidal flooding in Kelapa Lima District, Kupang City
Tidal inundation has progressively impacted coastal residential areas in Kelapa Lima District, Kupang City, as a consequence of sea-level rise, accelerated urban expansion, and insufficient drainage infrastructure. Notwithstanding the recurrence of flooding incidents, a spatially integrated vulnerability evaluation for this locality has not yet been systematically established. This research seeks to examine the degree of vulnerability within coastal settlements by applying a Geographic Information System (GIS)-driven multi-criteria spatial methodology. Physical variables (elevation, proximity to the coastline, slope gradient, and land utilization) were synthesized with a social indicator (population density) through procedures of scoring, normalization, and weighted assessment techniques. Spatial synthesis was conducted using weighted overlay analysis within a GIS environment to generate vulnerability zoning maps. The findings categorize the coastal territory into three levels of vulnerability: non-vulnerable (24%), vulnerable (46%), and highly vulnerable (30%). Roughly 76% of the investigated area is situated within zones classified as vulnerable. Field verification demonstrates the correspondence between the spatial simulation results and the actual occurrence of tidal flooding events. The principal contribution of this study resides in the incorporation of spatial and socio-environmental indicators within a GIS-oriented analytical framework to inform adaptive coastal planning and mitigation measures.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Susana Maria Suratama, Amandus Jong Tallo, Maria Imanuela Doko, Grace Angelina Sitorus, Grace Widjaja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Simulation-Based evaluation of adaptive light shelf design for daylight uniformity in tropical office buildings
Light shelves represent a quintessential passive design typology, traditionally utilized to augment daylight penetration while simultaneously mitigating glare to enhance interior visual ergonomics; however, conventional static configurations often fail to recalibrate in response to the stochastic fluctuations of solar geometry, particularly in tropical latitudes like Jakarta, Indonesia, where high solar altitudes persist. This study investigates the efficacy of a revolving light shelf system in optimizing indoor illuminance uniformity through DIALux Evo 8.2 simulations, evaluating rotational increments of ±15?, ±30?, and ±45? across four cardinal orientations over five diurnal intervals. The empirical results demonstrate that dynamic adaptability significantly enhances lighting uniformity and facilitates adherence to standardized illuminance thresholds, with the most profound performance gains observed on the east and west facades where solar azimuth and altitude vary most significantly. Conversely, the north and south elevations exhibited relatively stabilized metrics, requiring minimal angular adjustments to maintain optimal conditions. Ultimately, these findings underscore the imperative of integrated, responsive fenestration systems in tropical climates to reduce reliance on supplementary artificial lighting and provide a foundational framework for future automated building management architectures.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Muhammad Sega Sufia Purnama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The UHI phenomenon and the potential for buffer zone development in Kayutangan heritage corridor
The rising temperature of the Kayutangan Heritage Corridor (KHC) poses a risk to the sustainability of its historical value and the comfort of its microclimate. The UHI phenomenon in KHC development is vulnerable to the decline of historical value and microclimate quality. This study aims to assess the potential of the Brantas River Watershed as a buffer zone for KHC development. The method used is a three-stage analysis: first, land surface temperature (SST) data analysis to identify the distribution of hot and cold spots; second, direct surface temperature measurements to validate the LST; and third, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of the existing thermal conditions of the KHC and its buffer zone. The LST distribution pattern forms the basis for formulating a UHI mitigation model. The CFD simulation results indicate that the Brantas River Watershed, which borders the KHC, has the potential to serve as a buffer zone for Kayutangan development. This mitigation strategy enables Kayutangan development to transform into a more resilient area through integration with its buffer zone.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Respati Wikantiyoso, Agung Murti Nugroho, Nurul Aini, Sari Mawaddahni, Aditya Galih Sulaksono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sustainability evaluation of Meuraxa Green Tourism Park in the context of Lefebvre’s Spatial theory
The Meuraxa Green Tourism Park in Banda Aceh, which was established in the aftermath of the 2004 tsunami, embodies substantial ecological, societal, and spiritual significance as a public realm situated within a post-disaster reconstruction landscape. Nevertheless, its present state reveals a noticeable deterioration in terms of functionality and long-term sustainability, as evidenced by deteriorated infrastructure, insufficient levels of community engagement, and the gradual erosion of its cultural significance. This research critically assesses the sustainability of the park by employing Henri Lefebvre’s Theory of the Production of Social Space, a conceptual framework that interprets space as a socially constructed product shaped through three interrelated dimensions: spatial practice (perceived space), representations of space (conceived space), and representational space (lived space). A qualitative-descriptive method was applied using field observation, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews. Findings show that the park’s social and cultural sustainability remains weak. The spatial practice dimension reflects minimal social use; the representations of space dimension reveal top-down planning; and the representational space dimension shows diminished spiritual identity. The study concludes that the park’s sustainability depends on reproducing its social space through three strategies: physical revitalization, participatory social activation, and the restoration of spiritual and cultural meanings. These integrated approaches are essential to transform Meuraxa Park into a living, sustainable public space that embodies the resilience and spiritual identity of Acehnese society.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Ulfiatun Risma, Agus Supriyanto, Agung Budi Sardjono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The residential structure of Aceh communities in the context of change
Transformations in vernacular dwellings are often understood primarily as changes in physical form, while the cultural structures that sustain them receive far less scholarly attention. In Aceh, the traditional stilted Rumoh Aceh has been extensively replaced by the masonry Rumoh Batee, yet both continue to accommodate the same ritual practices across the life cycle—birth, marriage, growth and development, and death. This study argues that the persistence of these practices reveals a continuous cultural logic that structures domestic space beyond its formal and material transformation. Using an interpretive-structural approach grounded in Salura’s form–function–meaning framework, this research analyzes how ritual activities are spatialized in both house types. Fieldwork was conducted in two mukim, encompassing four cases of Rumoh Aceh and four of Rumoh Batee. The findings indicate that a single cultural value, Peumulia (to honor and dignify others), operates as an overarching spatial ordering principle. This value is expressed architecturally through the adaptive public conversion of domestic space during rituals, the hierarchical orientation of principal rooms, and respectful spatial segregation within kinship relations. The study contributes to an understanding of how cultural continuity can endure through architectural transformation, demonstrating that a change in physical form does not necessarily signify a change in cultural meaning.
Indri Astrina Fitria Indrarani Wirakusumah
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Rahil Muhammad Hasbi, Purnama Salura, Indri Astrina Fitria Indrarani Wirakusumah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Spatial transformation of Magelang City Square: Local–Colonial power relations from an urban morphological perspective
Urban spatial transformation in Indonesia is inseparable from the enduring influence of colonialism, which has significantly contributed to the reconfiguration of urban spatial structure, functional organization, and spatial meaning. The Alun-alun, as a fundamental component of Javanese urban form, has experienced substantial transformation through the continuous negotiation between indigenous value systems and colonial interventions in spatial governance. This study seeks to investigate the spatial transformation of the Magelang Alun-Alun, to analyze the dynamics of local–colonial power relations embedded within its spatial restructuring, and to interpret the evolving meanings of space through an urban morphological lens. This research is situated within a qualitative-historical framework, utilizing archival investigation, field-based observation, and semi-structured interviews as primary methods of data collection. The analytical process is structured through spatial-historical analysis, examination of power relations, and biographical interpretation of space, enabling the identification of multilayered transformations in both spatial configuration and spatial meaning. The findings reveal that the Magelang Alun-Alun has undergone a significant transition from a cosmologically oriented space, reflecting the integration of indigenous authority systems and spiritual cosmology, into a more formally structured administrative space under colonial governance. This transformation not only redefined the physical spatial organization but also reconstructed the functional role and symbolic meaning of the Alun-Alun as an instrument of power representation and territorial control. Nevertheless, certain indigenous spatial elements persisted despite colonial restructuring, resulting in a hybridized spatial configuration that reflects both continuity and change. This study demonstrates that the Magelang Alun-Alun can be interpreted as a palimpsestic urban space, in which multiple historical layers coexist and interact to produce complex spatial meanings. The contribution of this research lies in the integration of urban morphological analysis with the study of power relations and spatial meaning, thereby offering a more comprehensive and critical understanding of colonial urban spatial transformation processes.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Iwan Priyoga, Dwi Kunto Nurkukuh, Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Interpreting sacred space: A Peircean semiotic study of symbolic meaning in Al-Safar Mosque
Semiotics investigates the ways in which meaning is produced, transmitted, and interpreted through signs related to form, movement, and human perception. Within the architectural domain, elements such as form, light, materiality, and spatial orientation function as communicative signs that articulate philosophical, symbolic, and spiritual values. This study seeks to interpret the sacred meanings embedded within both the architectural form and the lived spatial experience of the Al-Safar Mosque by employing Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic framework, which consists of the triadic relationship between Representamen, Object, and Interpretant. A descriptive qualitative research approach was adopted, integrating Peircean semiotic analysis with the interpretative research design proposed by Creswell & Poth (2024). This methodological framework was supported by systematic field observations, in-depth interviews, and comprehensive architectural documentation. The analysis of spatial experience was structured through five sequential spatial nodes: Approach (niyyah), Threshold (takhalli), Ablution (tazkiyah), Prayer (taw??d), and Exit (tajall?), each representing a distinct phase of bodily movement and spiritual transition. The findings demonstrate that architectural form, lighting conditions, material expression, and spatial direction operate as interconnected semiotic signs that collectively guide physical movement while simultaneously facilitating spiritual contemplation. These elements work synergistically to shape an embodied experience in which architectural space becomes an active medium of meaning. The study concludes that the Al-Safar Mosque conveys sacred meaning through an integrated and embodied spatial experience, thereby contributing to the advancement of architectural semiotics by positioning movement itself as a meaningful language of worship.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Aulia Urrahmi, Ully Irma Maulina Hanafiah, Irwan Sudarisman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Drying method of Kelarai Bamboo panel: A moisture content analysis between sun drying and oven drying
Drying is an important stage in the preparation of bamboo blades for kelarai panel production because it directly affects the final moisture content of the material. In current practice, conventional sun drying remains widely used by local craftsmen due to its low cost and simple application, although the method is highly dependent on weather conditions and may produce inconsistent results. This study aims to compare the moisture content of Semantan bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii) blades subjected to sun drying and oven drying in order to determine the more effective drying method for kelarai production. An experimental approach was adopted in which bamboo samples were dried under different conditions, namely sun drying, oven drying at 30°C for 12 hours, and oven drying at 50°C for 2 hours, with and without boron treatment. Moisture content was calculated based on the difference between initial and final weight after drying. The findings show that oven drying produced lower and more consistent moisture content than sun drying, while oven drying at 50°C for 2 hours recorded the lowest moisture content among all methods tested. These results indicate that controlled drying provides a more reliable approach for reducing moisture content in bamboo blades intended for kelarai panel production.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Mohd Jaki Bin Mamat, Radhiya Binti Abd Rahim, Norhazaedawati Binti Baharuddin, Safial Aqbar Bin Zakaria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluating the structural endurance of Bamboo Kelarai panels through the application of tensile strength testing methodologies
The long-term performance and durability of bamboo kelarai panels are significantly governed by the mechanical properties of the individual bamboo strips that constitute their interwoven configuration. This research is intended to assess the durability of bamboo kelarai panels through a detailed examination of the influence of moisture content and boron-based preservation treatment on their tensile strength characteristics. An experimental laboratory methodology was implemented, employing Gigantochloa scortechinii (commonly referred to as Semantan bamboo) as the primary material, wherein the specimens were systematically classified into four distinct categories according to moisture condition (elevated and reduced) and treatment status (treated with boron and untreated). Tensile strength evaluation was carried out using a Universal Testing Machine, with peak stress values meticulously measured and documented for subsequent analytical interpretation. The findings reveal a pronounced inverse correlation between moisture content and tensile strength, whereby specimens with reduced moisture levels exhibited superior strength performance alongside greater structural stability. Furthermore, samples subjected to boron treatment demonstrated more uniform tensile behaviour, suggesting an improvement in fibre cohesion and internal structural integrity. Notably, the synergistic combination of low moisture content and boron treatment resulted in the highest recorded tensile strength values among all tested groups. Collectively, these outcomes establish a robust scientific foundation for enhancing the durability of kelarai panels through effective moisture regulation and appropriate preservation techniques, thereby contributing to the advancement of more dependable, resilient, and sustainable bamboo-based construction materials within the field of architecture.
Beyond the physical: Integrating qualitative elements in elderly care homes design guidelines
Residential care facilities (RCFs) face a critical design paradox as the world's population ages: regulatory frameworks heavily prioritize physical safety while largely neglecting the psychosocial and experiential needs of elderly people. By emphasizing risk mitigation, current guidelines often produce environments that favor survival over dignity and meaning. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative coding and computational text mining (Voyant Tools), this study analyzes 22 international design guidelines and reveals a pronounced lexical bias, in which “safety” consistently outweighs concepts such as identity, social interaction, autonomy, and cognitive stimulation. To address this structural gap, this study introduces six evidence-based Qualitative Design Parameters (QDPs) an interdisciplinary framework integrating environmental psychology, gerontology, and architectural theory. These parameters reposition care settings as places that affirm personhood beyond risk containment: autonomy, sensory richness, narrative continuity, social vitality, environmental familiarity, and biophilic engagement. Findings highlight that despite strong evidence linking spatial design to mental health, existing standards rarely address loneliness, cognitive decline, or agency loss. The proposed framework therefore advances a paradigm shift by completing safety compliance with qualitative measures of emotional well-being, dignity and lived experience. This work offers a roadmap for transforming RCF guidelines into more holistic and human-centered standards.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Ali Güven, Arzu Cilasun Kunduraci https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Integrating biophilic design approach to sports architecture
The integration of biophilic design principles in sports architecture is rooted in the theory of biophilia and human innate affinity for nature, offering a compelling architectural football academy solution for better performance. This architectural approach seeks to strategically connect buildings, spaces and users more closely to nature, creating a productive, healthy and sustainable communal built environment. The study aims to investigate how integration of biophilic strategies can improve environmental sustainability, user well-being, and functional spatial performance in athletic facilities. Key objectives include identifying existing biophilic design elements, evaluating their impact, and proposing a context-specific framework for improvement. A qualitative methodology was adopted, incorporating site observation, architectural assessment, literature review and case study. Findings reveal partial implementation of biophilic features such as natural lighting, ventilation, and so on, while highlighting gaps in user-centred planning and ecological integration. The study also examines the integration of sustainable biophilic design principles in Leadcity University Football Academy in Oyo State, Nigeria and concludes that a comprehensive, nature-integrated approach can significantly improve athlete experience and environmental outcomes. The study recommends a biophilic design approach tailored to Nigerian sports facilities and policy reforms to incorporate biophilic design principles into national architectural guidelines for sports infrastructure.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Khaleedah Bolatito Jolaoso, Babatunde Adekoyejo Jolaoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Publicness as an indicator of sustainable built environment on Prawirotaman Street in Yogyakarta
This research examines the transformation of Prawirotaman Street, Yogyakarta, into a tourism-oriented mixed-use corridor and assesses publicness as an operative indicator of a sustainable built environment. Publicness is evaluated through three principal variables: social (interaction, inclusivity, participation), economic (commercial dominance, ownership patterns, livelihood transitions), and environmental (accessibility, vegetation, drainage, spatial comfort), across spatial units comprising a 500 m corridor, 481 m pedestrian pathways, building interfaces, and 21 designated observation points. A qualitative socio-spatial methodology was employed, integrating the theory of publicness (Carmona, 2015) with the production of space framework (Lefebvre, 1991). Data collection involved 19 structured field observations (spanning morning–evening cycles), in-depth interviews, and field surveys, reinforced by a synthesis of recent scholarly literature. The analytical process utilized thematic and comparative socio-spatial techniques. The findings indicate that 65% of buildings have transitioned to tourism-related functions, while only 26% of pedestrian space remains effectively functional, reflecting diminished accessibility and escalating privatization. Although economic activities have intensified, this growth is not accompanied by proportional improvements in social inclusivity or environmental quality. Publicness endures primarily at a micro-spatial scale through temporary, consumption-driven interactions. This study conceptualizes publicness as a comprehensive sustainability metric and underscores the necessity for pedestrian-oriented design strategies, ecological enhancements, and collaborative governance frameworks to re-establish socio-spatial equilibrium within tourism corridors.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Monica Sheira, Ema Yunita Titisari, Damayanti Asikin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A coastal tourism area spatial planning model based on disaster mitigation
Pantai Baru is one of the beaches on the southern coast of Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region. The construction of the Pandansimo Bridge paved the way for the development of Pantai Baru. On the other hand, the physical conditions and human behavior in Pantai Baru indicate high vulnerability to multiple disasters such as tsunamis, abrasion, tidal flooding, and sea intrusion. The study employed a qualitative method, integrating the concept of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and an ecological approach. This study aims to examine the coastal tourism area management model based on disaster mitigation by identifying key area characteristics, land use patterns, and disaster risks, with the goal of designing a safer and more sustainable area management model. The result of the modeling is the Pantai Baru Tourism Area Management Model based on disaster mitigation through integrated sustainable zoning. This model divides the area into three main zones: the Conservation Zone (0-100 meters) as a natural green belt; the Economic Zone for tourism facilities (swimming pool, food stalls, ATV Track); and the Parking and Support Zone (PLTB, conservation office, mosque, and souvenir shop) which pays attention to user circulation and disaster evacuation circulation. In addition to structural mitigation, this arrangement emphasizes the importance of non-structural mitigation through community education and multi-stakeholder collaboration. This model is expected to increase regional resilience to disasters, support sustainable tourism growth, and reduce conflict and socio-economic risks.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Winarna, Linda Octavia, Vidia Caroline Siauwke Pekpekai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Architectural symbolism and semiotics: Signs and meanings analysis in Neo-Gothic architecture of Kayutangan Church
Within the ongoing initiatives to reinforce the identity of the Kayutangan heritage district in Malang, comprehension of architectural symbolism remains relatively constrained and is frequently limited to visual and formal dimensions. The Sacred Heart of Jesus Church (Kayutangan Church), as the sole manifestation of Neo-Gothic architecture within the area, encapsulates a complex symbolic system that has yet to be thoroughly and systematically investigated. This research seeks to classify the types of signs and to interpret the symbolic meanings embedded within Neo-Gothic architectural elements, while also formulating conservation implications grounded in meaning-based approaches. A Peircean semiotic framework was employed through the examination of 13 observational units, conducted in two sequential stages: the identification of Neo-Gothic architectural components and the subsequent analysis of sign–meaning relationships. Data collection was undertaken through a comprehensive literature review and field-based triangulation methods, including direct observation, in-depth interviews, and systematic documentation. The analytical process was structured around sign typologies, icon, index, and symbol, as well as architectural interpretations encompassing verticality, permeability, and religious symbolism. The findings indicate that nine architectural elements strongly articulate a Neo-Gothic identity, with symbolic signs emerging as the predominant category, primarily representing religious values rooted in ecclesiastical literature and Christian ideological frameworks. This study offers a significant contribution by elucidating the semiotic configuration of Neo-Gothic architectural elements and by proposing a conservation hierarchy informed by sign typologies and layers of meaning. It underscores the importance of safeguarding both symbolic form and interpretive meaning as fundamental components of architectural authenticity.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Citra Margareth Manalu, Antariksa Sudikno, Ema Yunita Titisari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
When tradition becomes expression: The transformation of interpretative frameworks of Balinese traditional architecture in a global Airport
This study examines the transformation of Balinese Traditional Architecture (BTA) in public buildings operating within the context of global architecture, using I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport as a case study. The application of traditional architectural elements in contemporary buildings is often understood as an effort to express local identity; however, such approaches generally remain at the level of visual and symbolic representation, without further investigating the more fundamental shifts in architectural meaning that occur. This research adopts a qualitative, analytic–interpretative approach by formulating a framework for reading the transformation of expression through four interrelated mechanisms: reduction, rescaling, rematerialization, and recontextualization. These four mechanisms are not positioned as design techniques, but rather as conceptual tools for understanding how architectural meaning changes when Balinese Traditional Architecture is displaced from its original context. Initially rooted in spatial systems, ritual practices, and cosmological principles, it is transformed as it enters global infrastructure characterized by different functional requirements, scales, and technological demands. The findings indicate that the expression of BTA in airport buildings does not function as a continuation of its traditional spatial system and meanings. The Domestic Terminal tends to emphasize reduction and rematerialization, while the International Terminal demonstrates a stronger intensity of rescaling and recontextualization. Traditional architectural elements undergo a systematic transformation, shifting from functional and symbolic components within a system of dwelling into representational devices that construct territorial identity and visual recognition. This transformation signifies a change in the ontological status of BTA, from architecture as a system of habitation to architecture as a language of expression. By positioning this transformation as an epistemic process, the study contributes to the development of a conceptual framework for understanding vernacular architecture within contemporary public buildings. The findings further provide broader theoretical implications for examining the relationship between tradition, modernity, and architectural meaning in the context of globalization.
Transformation of interpretative frameworks
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Sonia Zipora, Purnama Salura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The sacredness of the prayer hall at Al-Azhar Grand Mosque Summarecon Bekasi through multisensory experiences
This study examines how sacredness in contemporary mosque prayer spaces is perceived when visual symbolic expressions are no longer the dominant mode of representation. The purpose of this research is to uncover how sacredness within the prayer space of the Al Azhar Summarecon Bekasi Grand Mosque is constructed through the multisensory experiences of worshippers. The novelty of this study lies in the application of a multisensory approach as a methodological framework for investigating mosque sacredness, as well as in its specific examination of the sacred quality of the prayer space at the Al Azhar Summarecon Bekasi Grand Mosque through the sensory experiences of worshippers, an aspect that has not been previously explored in depth. A qualitative method was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews with worshippers as the primary data collection strategy, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis based on the framework developed by Braun and Clarke. The findings indicate that the sacredness of the prayer space emerges from the integration of multisensory experiences involving auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, and kinesthetic perceptions. Auditory experiences, particularly the imam’s recitation, the call to prayer, and the sound of water, play a dominant role in nurturing devotion and spiritual engagement. Natural elements function as mediators of sacredness, while bodily comfort constitutes a fundamental condition for maintaining spiritual focus during worship. Visual elements operate as a controlled spatial background that supports worship activities without dominating perceptual attention. These findings demonstrate that sacredness in contemporary mosque prayer spaces is not primarily visual in nature, but is holistically embodied through an integrated multisensory experience.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Slamet Saefudin, Primi Artiningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Outdoor thermal comfort performance in urban heat island mitigation: A Simulation-Based assessment in a commercial district using ENVI-met
Outdoor thermal discomfort in commercial districts presents a critical challenge in tropical urban environments, where elevated air temperatures and intense solar radiation limit the usability and comfort of open spaces. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Urban Heat Island (UHI) mitigation strategies in enhancing outdoor thermal comfort within a commercial district through ENVI-met simulations. Four intervention scenarios were developed and compared against existing conditions, encompassing structural-based, vegetation-based, surface material–based, and integrated approaches. Simulations were conducted for the hottest day of the dry season, with thermal comfort assessed at pedestrian height (1.4 m) using the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index. Structural interventions produced an average PET reduction of 1.24 K, demonstrating localized cooling effects, whereas vegetation-oriented strategies achieved the most substantial improvement, reducing average PET by up to 3.91 K. In contrast, material-based interventions exhibited the least efficacy, yielding a maximum average PET reduction of only 0.32 K and even contributing to increased PET during daytime hours due to reflected solar radiation. The combined intervention scenario delivered a more balanced outcome, with average PET reductions reaching 2.60 K. Despite these interventions, PET values largely remained within the “very hot” category, underscoring the necessity for radiation-sensitive urban design approaches that prioritize vegetation-centric mitigation strategies.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Miftahul Huda, Respati Wikantiyoso, Nurul Aini, Pindo Tutuko, Erna Winansih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Re-Articulating the boundaries of architecture: From the ontology of architecture toward the spectrum of architectural disciplines
The development of contemporary architecture demonstrates an increasingly intensive degree of interdisciplinary intervention arising from environmental, technological, social, cultural, and artificial intelligence-related issues. Although this tendency is frequently understood as a form of progress, in practice it has generated a phenomenon of increasingly blurred architectural boundaries, in which dwelling space as the formal object of architecture is gradually displaced by external indicators such as technical performance, data, or symbolic representation. This research aims to reconceptualize the boundaries of architecture through a reaffirmation of the relationship between architectural ontology, disciplinary development, and interdisciplinary contribution. This study employs a theoretical–conceptual analytical method grounded in reconstructive synthesis of the thoughts of Aristotle, Vitruvius, Norberg-Schulz, Hillier, Broadbent, and Salura. The analysis is conducted progressively through three principal stages: the reaffirmation of architectural ontology, the formulation of disciplinary development, and the determination of the liminal domain as a testing zone for external contributions. Within this process, the Core Ontology of Architecture is operationalized through the concept of the Minimum Threshold of Spatial Structure (MTSS) as an ontological testing instrument for determining the minimum condition of inhabitable space. The findings indicate that the boundaries of architecture may be formulated as a layered structure consisting of: the Ontology of Architecture as the principle of embodied human dwelling within spatial configuration; the Core Ontology of Architecture as the minimum condition of inhabitable space; the MTSS as the minimum ontological threshold; the Core Discipline of Architecture as the mechanism for the physical realization of space; the Spectrum of Architectural Disciplines as the enrichment and expansion of dwelling; and the liminal domain as a testing zone for interdisciplinary contributions. This structure demonstrates that the boundaries of architecture are relational and hierarchical in nature, not rigid separations, but rather orientative mechanisms that maintain the ontological consistency of architecture amidst interdisciplinary openness. This research also positions the Architectural Property–Composition Epistemic Framework (APCEF/KEPKA) as an epistemic mechanism that ensures every architectural claim can be traced and verified through the relationships among spatial configuration, function, experience, and meaning. Accordingly, this study contributes to formulating the integration of ontology, ontological threshold, and epistemic mechanism in architecture as a coherent conceptual structure. Theoretically, this research reinforces the position of architecture as a discipline rooted in inhabitable space. Methodologically, it provides an orientative framework for evaluating the position of research and design practice within interdisciplinary contexts. These findings demonstrate that architecture does not lose its relevance because it possesses ontological boundaries; rather, it becomes vulnerable to weakening when such boundaries are neither recognized nor conceptually operationalized.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Purnama Salura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Laweyan cultural heritage in Surakarta: Conceptual revitalization guidelines
The Laweyan district in Surakarta is formally designated as a cultural heritage precinct in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Culture and Tourism No. PM.03/PW.007/MKP/2010. Its distinctiveness is articulated through its historical significance, morphological characteristics, and socio-cultural dimensions. Between 1521 and 1546, Laweyan functioned as a perdikan territory, an autonomous enclave exempt from royal taxation, under the leadership of Kyai Ageng Henies. Within this historical framework, the Laweyan community developed a reputation for economic self-sufficiency, particularly as batik entrepreneurs, thereby reinforcing its contemporary identity as a Batik Village. The central issue addressed in this study is the absence of a comprehensive framework to guide the revitalization of the area, a condition that raises serious concerns regarding its sustainable development as a site of considerable historical value. Accordingly, the objective of this research is to formulate a set of revitalization guidelines for heritage areas that can function as a normative reference, ensuring that future interventions remain consistent with the regulatory provisions established in Law No. 11 of 2010. Methodologically, this study adopts a grounded theory approach. The collected data are systematically categorized and coded, followed by interpretative analysis grounded in the theoretical constructs of preservation, conservation, and revitalization. The findings of this research are intended to provide a structured guideline for the revitalization of the Laweyan district, thereby supporting its continued protection and development as a designated cultural heritage site.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Naniek Widayati Priyomarsono, Samsu Hendra Siwi, Rudy Surya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Lineage, cosmology, and sacred access: Reinterpreting Nawa Sanga in the Royal Compounds of Blahbatuh
This research is grounded in the prevailing inclination within studies of Balinese palace architecture to interpret the Nawa Sanga cosmology chiefly as a symbolic framework of orientation, while its function as a governing apparatus in organizing hierarchical access and sacred spatial domains has not been thoroughly explored. In reality, the configuration of sacred space within a palace is shaped not solely by cosmological gradients but also by genealogical structures (pasemetonan), which establish ritual legitimacy, authority, and rights to spatial occupation. This study seeks to reconceptualize Nawa Sanga as a socio-spatial governance system that organizes hierarchical access and sacred space within Puri Ageng Blahbatuh and Puri Kaleran Jelantik. The research adopts a qualitative multiple case study methodology, incorporating spatial observation, architectural documentation, in-depth interviews, and genealogical analysis. The results reveal that hierarchical access and sacred spatial organization are generated through the interaction of three interconnected layers: cosmological orientation as a normative framework, genealogical structure as the foundation of legitimacy, and spatial mechanisms, such as thresholds and circulation patterns, as instruments of regulation. These findings affirm that Nawa Sanga operates not merely as a symbolic construct but as a regulatory system that sustains and reproduces social hierarchy through stratified control over access to sacred space.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 I Gusti Ngurah Anom Gunawan, Suzanna Ratih Sari, Sukawi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sustainable tourism road network route prediction: A Socio-Ecological-Technological integrated analysis framework
This research proposes a new Socio-Ecological-Technological Integrated Analysis Framework (SETIA) for sustainable tourism road network route prediction and planning. This paper constructs a multidimensional analysis model which integrates social, ecological and technological factors into sustainability analysis. This paper uses machine learning method to analyze tourism road data and apply SETIA framework into Malaysian tourism road network cases. Results show that SETIA framework has higher prediction accuracy than traditional method in assessing three-way interaction effects of electric vehicle use, road condition and traffic congestion. This study provides theoretical reference and guide for the sustainable tourism road network planning in Malaysia, which is of great significance to promote the development of sustainable tourism and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Socio-ecological-technological integration
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Qiong Wu, Diana binti Mohamad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0