Implementation of Crime Prevention Throuh Environmental Design (CPTED) in Manado oldy city center area

Andy Anton Mangopa Malik; Rieneke Lusia Evani Sela; Ingerid Lidia Moniaga

doi:10.30822/arteks.v9i2.3267

Authors

Andy Anton Mangopa Malik Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado , Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7121-9809 (unauthenticated)
Rieneke Lusia Evani Sela Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado , Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado
Ingerid Lidia Moniaga Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado , Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v9i2.3267

Keywords:

Crime, CPTED, Old downtown district of Manado, Perception of safety

Abstract

North Sulawesi Province has the third highest crime rate in Indonesia in 2020 based on BPS data on 2021 crime statistics. This study chose locations in the old downtown area which has a high vulnerability to crime using the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach. which is an effort to prevent crime through physical environmental design with 3 main aspects of territoriality, surveillance, access control which aims to minimize crime, especially in public spaces, through several stages of implementation, including knowing how far the CPTED concept is realized by using Pearson correlation analysis between the realization of CPTED and the level of The crime is based on visitors' security perceptions using questionnaire data and will then be implemented in the form of a design visualization of the old downtown area of Manado. The results of the research show that the surveillance aspect has the highest manifestation and the correlation between the three CPTED aspects has a relationship with visitors' security perceptions, and the strongest relationship is between surveillance and visitor’s security perceptions, then the implementation of area design is more dominant in open environmental designs. Based on these results, they were then implemented in the design of the old downtown area which has a strong local image and identity in corridor areas and access in public spaces.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Arabi, Mahdi, Taraneh Saberi Naseri, and Roghayeh Jahdi. 2020. “Use All Generation of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) for Design Urban Historical Fabric (Case Study: The Central Area of Tehran Metropolis, Eastern Oudlajan).” Ain Shams Engineering Journal 11 (2): 519–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2019.11.003.

Atlas, Randall I. 2013. 21st Century Security and CPTED : Designing for Critical Infrastructure Protection and Crime Prevention, Second Edition. 2nd Editio. London, New york: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/21st-Century-Security-and-CPTED-Designing-for-Critical-Infrastructure-Protection-and-Crime-Prevention-Second-Edition/Atlas/p/book/9781439880210.

Aulia, Dwira Nirfalini, and Yulinda Eka Mahwani. 2020. “The Implementation of the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Concept on Taman Setiabudi Indah 1 Estate, Medan City, Indonesia.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 452 (1): 012153. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/452/1/012153.

Badan Pusat Statistik. 2022. “Crime Statistic 2022.” BPS. 2022. bps.go.id/en/statistics-table?subject=526.

Badiora, Adewumi I., Olanrewaju T. Dada, and Temitope M. Adebara. 2021. “Correlates of Crime and Environmental Design in a Nigerian International Tourist Attraction Site.” Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 35 (September): 100392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100392.

Bannister, Jon, and Anthony O’Sullivan. 2020. “Towards a Planetary Urban Criminology.” Urban Criminology: Criminology of the Urban 3 (1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26395/CE20030103.

Ceccato, Vania, and Mahesh K. Nalla. 2020. Crime and Fear in Public Places : Towards Safe, Inclusive and Sustainable Cities. London: Taylor & Francis.

Chat, Iris Ka-Yi, Andrew A. Gepty, Marin Kautz, Naoise Mac Giollabhui, Zoe V. Adogli, Christopher L. Coe, Lyn Y. Abramson, Thomas M. Olino, and Lauren B. Alloy. 2022. “Residence in High-Crime Neighborhoods Moderates the Association Between Interleukin 6 and Social and Nonsocial Reward Brain Responses.” Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science 2 (3): 273–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.04.006.

Darmayanti, Tessa Eka, and Stella Sondang. 2013. “Feng Shui Approach Using the Ba Zi Method in Interior Design.” Jurnal Waca Cipta Ruang 1 (1).

Diovani, Ririn Septria. 2021. “Modeling a Safe Environment From Criminal Action in Pekanbaru City.” Universitas Islam Riau.

Fennelly, Lawrence, and Marianna Perry. 2018. CPTED and Traditional Security Countermeasures: 150 Things You Should Know. CRC Press.

Hapsari, Dini Oktaviani, and Retno Susanti. 2019. “Penilaian Kualitas Desain Perguruan Tinggi Dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan CPTED Di Kota Semarang.” Ruang 5 (1): 20. https://doi.org/10.14710/ruang.5.1.20-31.

Kim, Yeo-Kyeong, Yun-Kyu Lee, and Donghyun Kim. 2023. “Natural Surveillance for Crime and Traffic Accidents: Simulating Improvements of Street Lighting in an Older Community.” Urban Planning 8 (2). https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v8i2.6362.

Kojongian, Jeivan O. G., Dwight M. Rondonuwu, and Aristotulus E. Tungka. 2017. “Characteristics of Manado’s Old City Area with Hamid Shirvani’s Theory Approach.” Spasial 4 (2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35793/sp.v4i2.17111.

Kubalová, Klaudia, Jakub Ďurica, and Erika Skýpalová. 2023. “Protection of Soft Targets in Correlation with the CPTED Concept.” Transportation Research Procedia 74: 1374–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.285.

Lymperopoulou, Kitty, and Jon Bannister. 2022. “The Spatial Reordering of Poverty and Crime: A Study of Glasgow and Birmingham (United Kingdom), 2001/2 to 2015/16.” Cities 130 (November): 103874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103874.

Mariana, Dewi. 2015. “Penerapan Formula Feng Shui Dengan Pertimbangan Form Dalam Bangunan Dan Lingkungan Binaan.” Humaniora 27 (1): 217–31.

Matzopoulos, Richard, Kim Bloch, Sam Lloyd, Chris Berens, Brett Bowman, Jonny Myers, and Mary Lou Thompson. 2020. “Urban Upgrading and Levels of Interpersonal Violence in Cape Town, South Africa: The Violence Prevention through Urban Upgrading Programme.” Social Science & Medicine 255 (June): 112978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112978.

McClanahan, William P., Carmen S. Sergiou, Aniek M. Siezenga, Dominik Gerstner, Henk Elffers, Job van der Schalk, and Jean-Louis van Gelder. 2024. “Neighborhood Crime Reduction Interventions and Perceived Livability: A Virtual Reality Study on Fear of Crime.” Cities 147 (April): 104823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.104823.

Mihinjac, Mateja, and Gregory Saville. 2019. “Third-Generation Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED).” Social Sciences 8 (6): 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8060182.

Molaei, Pouya, and Parisa Hashempour. 2020. “Evaluation of CPTED Principles in the Housing Architecture of Rural Areas in the North of Iran (Case Studies: Sedaposhte and Ormamalal).” International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 62 (September): 100405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2020.100405.

Navarrete-Hernandez, Pablo, and Kousha Afarin. 2023. “The Impact of Nature-Based Solutions on Perceptions of Safety in Public Space.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 91 (November): 102132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102132.

Navarrete-Hernandez, Pablo, Alejandra Luneke, Ricardo Truffello, and Luis Fuentes. 2023. “Planning for Fear of Crime Reduction: Assessing the Impact of Public Space Regeneration on Safety Perceptions in Deprived Neighborhoods.” Landscape and Urban Planning 237 (September): 104809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104809.

Navarrete-Hernandez, Pablo, Arielle Vetro, and Paz Concha. 2021. “Building Safer Public Spaces: Exploring Gender Difference in the Perception of Safety in Public Space through Urban Design Interventions.” Landscape and Urban Planning 214 (October): 104180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104180.

Parengkuan, Fendy E. W. 1986. History of the Manado City 1945-1979. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Sejarah Indonesi.

Rajadurai, Shamir, Siti Hajar Binti Abu Bakar Ah, Rosilawati Binti Zainol, Zaiton Binti Azman, and Mitra Manisha Rajadurai. 2023. “Issues with the Application of CPTED in Urban Development: A Case of City X, Malaysia.” Security Journal 36 (3): 558–88. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-022-00353-2.

Sereerat, Sirirat, and Warramet Sirijintana. 2020. “Bangkok Motorcycle Taxis as Eyes on the Street?” Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 7 (September): 100220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100220.

Sundling, Catherine, and Vania Ceccato. 2022. “The Impact of Rail-Based Stations on Passengers’ Safety Perceptions. A Systematic Review of International Evidence.” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 86 (April): 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2022.02.011.

Zeng, Minling, Yuanyuan Mao, and Can Wang. 2021. “The Relationship between Street Environment and Street Crime: A Case Study of Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.” Cities 112 (May): 103143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103143.

Zhu, Meng, Rujie Teng, Canxiang Wang, Yu Wang, Jiaqi He, and Fan Yu. 2023. “Key Environmental Factors Affecting Perceptions of Security of Night-Time Walking in Neighbourhood Streets: A Discussion Based on Fear Heat Maps.” Journal of Transport & Health 32 (September): 101636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2023.101636.